Audit trail

Every action that touches a student record or money is recorded: who, what, when.

It cannot be edited

The trail is append-only and tamper-evident. Nobody can quietly remove an entry — not an administrator, not ShikshaFlow. That is the entire value: a trail that could be edited would prove nothing.

What it is for

Answering "who changed this mark", "who issued that certificate", "who looked at this record". Most often it settles a disagreement about what happened, which is what stops it becoming an argument about who is honest.

Reading a record is recorded too

Looking at sensitive records is itself an event. Somebody browsing student records without a reason is visible.

Retention

Entries are kept for a long time by policy, not deleted when convenient.